Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are consumed as an alternative to cannabis. Novel compounds are developed by minor modifications in their chemical structure, e.g. insertion of a carboxamide moiety as a linker, which can potentially lead to altered toxicokinetics (TK). Knowledge on the TK data of SCs, especially structural modified substances, is scarce. Hence, interpretation of toxicological results is challenging. Therefore, the...

Many fatal intoxications have been reported in connection with the consumption of newer, highly potent synthetic cannabinoids. Yet, a possible postmortem redistribution (PMR) might complicate reliable interpretation of analytical results. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the PMR-potential of new synthetic cannabinoids. The pig model has already proven to be suitable for this purpose. Hence, the aim of this study was to stu...

New synthetic opioids (NSOs) pose a public health concern since their emergence on the illicit drug market and are gaining increasing importance in forensic toxicology. Like many other new psychoactive substances, NSOs are consumed without any preclinical safety data or any knowledge on toxicokinetic (TK) data. Due to ethical reasons, controlled human TK studies cannot be performed for the assessment of these relevant data. As...

Examining fatal poisonings, chronic exposure may be reflected by the concentration in tissues known for long-term storage of drugs. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) persists in adipose tissue (AT), but sparse data on synthetic cannabinoids (SC) are available. Thus, a controlled pig study evaluating antemortem (AM) disposition and postmortem (PM) concentration changes of the SC 4-ethylnaphthalene-1-yl-(1-pentylindole-3-yl)methanon...

In forensic toxicology, interpretation of postmortem (PM) drug concentrations might be complicated due to the lack of data concerning drug stability or PM redistribution (PMR). Regarding synthetic cannabinoids (SC), only sparse data are available, which derived from single case reports without any knowledge of dose and time of consumption. Thus, a controlled pig toxicokinetic study allowing for examination of PMR of SC was per...

Global change, especially land‐use intensification, affects human well‐being by impacting the delivery of multiple ecosystem services (multifunctionality). However, whether biodiversity loss is a major component of global change effects on multifunctionality in real‐world ecosystems, as in experimental ones, remains unclear. Therefore, we assessed biodiversity, functional composition and 14 ecosystem services on 150 agricultur...

Aim Functional relationships between species groups on macroecological scales have often been inferred from comparisons of species numbers across space. On large spatial scales, however, it is difficult to assess whether correlations of species numbers represent actual functional relationships. Here, we investigated the functional relationship between a feeding guild (fruit‐eating birds) and its resource (fleshy‐fruited plants...