A new species of Characidium is described from the Urubamba River basin, within the Ucayali‐Urubamba Piedmont ecoregion, Peru. The new species can be readily distinguished from all congeners, except Characidium cacah , Characidium chicoi , Characidium helmeri , Characidium mirim , Characidium nana , Characidium nupelia , Characidium sterbai , Characidium stigmosum and Characidium xavante by the possession of an incomplete late...

Aim Phylogenetic relatedness among species can provide useful information on the diversification history and past dispersal events that may have shaped contemporary assemblages. Here, using of the most comprehensive fish occurrence database currently available and a global molecular phylogeny of ray‐finned fishes, we evaluate the respective roles of historical and contemporary processes in generating and maintaining fish assem...

Upstream range shifts of freshwater fishes have been documented in recent years due to ongoing climate change. River fragmentation by dams, presenting physical barriers, can limit the climatically induced spatial redistribution of fishes. Andean freshwater ecosystems in the Neotropical region are expected to be highly affected by these future disturbances. However, proper evaluations are still missing. Combining species distri...

Conserving freshwater habitats and their biodiversity in the Amazon Basin is a growing challenge in the face of rapid anthropogenic changes. We used the most comprehensive fish‐occurrence database available (2355 valid species; 21,248 sampling points) and 3 ecological criteria (irreplaceability, representativeness, and vulnerability) to identify biodiversity hotspots based on 6 conservation templates (3 proactive, 1 reactive,...