Coastal protection has become a critical global priority due to escalating coastal erosion associated with sea-level rise and increasing storm surges. Conventional hard-engineering structures, while effective in reducing wave energy, often result in substantial degradation of marine ecosystems, raising concerns about long-term sustainability and ecological resilience. As a response, nature-based solutions (NBS), including oyst...

This study presents a comprehensive assessment of historical and projected variability in the wind climate over Ireland and its adjacent marine regions, including the North Atlantic Ocean, Irish Sea, and Celtic Sea. First, the long-term wind characteristics are examined using the ERA5 reanalysis dataset for the historical period (1979–2008), followed by an evaluation of five CMIP6 Global Climate Models (GCMs) to determine thei...

The eastern coast of Bangladesh has undergone significant geomorphic changes since 1990, with the shoreline predominantly prograding towards the Bay of Bengal. Analysis indicates that the northeastern (Mirsarai- Banshkhali) coast experienced seaward progradation, with a maximum progradation of 3.87 km and an average rate of 0.13 km/year over the past 30 years. Conversely, the south-eastern coast (Cox’s Bazar toward Teknaf) exh...

In the context of “green” approaches to coastal engineering, the term “eco-engineering” has emerged in recent years to describe the incorporation of ecological concepts (including artificially water-filled depressions and surface textured tiles on seawalls and drilled holes in sea structures) into the conventional design process for marine infrastructures. Limited studies have evaluated the potential increase in wave energy di...