A 7-week study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with Spirulina residue meal (SPRM) on the growth, feed utilization, carcass composition, antioxidant ability, liver and intestinal histology of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (initial body weight 5.36 ± 0.04 g). Four isonitrogenous (42%) and isolipidic (16%) diets were formulated to replace FM protein with SPRM at 0 (SPRM0), 10% (...

Although the functions of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on αβ T cells have been extensively reported, a role for PD-1 in regulating γδT cell function is only beginning to emerge. Here, we investigated the phenotypic and functional characteristics of PD-1-expressing γδT cells, and the molecular mechanism was also explored in the Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis ( P. yoelii NSM)-infected mice . Flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequen...