One hazardous heavy metal that causes oxidative stress is cadmium (Cd) and harms male reproductive function. Although various antioxidants have been explored for protection, the potential of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum ( M. crystallinum ) – a flavonoid and phenolic-rich halophyte- remains understudied in this context. According to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 3 on Good Health and...

Novel treatments that act beyond the conventionally targeted monoamine system are urgently needed to provide more effective relief for patients with major depressive disorder. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, with additional pleiotropic effects. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the role of PTX in major depressive disorde...