A culture-based strategy was used to isolate and screen representative actinomycetes from six sampling sites in the Karakum Desert, Turkmenistan. A total of 459 actinomycete isolates were obtained using 16 selective media, and 270 representative strains were subjected to 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. Comparative 16 S rRNA gene sequence analyses on colour-group representatives led to their assignment to 17 genera with validly publ...

A polyphasic study was designed to resolve the taxonomic position of isolate MGRD01-02 T which was recovered from an acidic hot spring in Indonesia and assigned to the genus Actinospica . Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences show that the isolate is most closely related to the type strains of Actinospica acidiphila (98.5%), Actinospica robiniae (97.8%) and Actinospica durhamensis (96.8%). Morphological and ch...

A genome-based polyphasic study was undertaken to establish the taxonomic status of an actinobacterium strain isolated from an actinorhizal root nodule. Strain ncl1 T was found to have chemotaxonomic, cultural and morphological properties characteristic of members of the genus Nocardia . The strain was closely related to Nocardia aurea in the phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences. The draft genome of t...

A polyphasic study was designed to determine the taxonomic provenance of a strain, isolate PRKS01-29 T , recovered from an Indonesian sand dune and provisionally assigned to the Streptomyces violaceusniger clade. Genomic, genotypic and phenotypic data confirmed this classification. The isolate formed an extensively branched substrate mycelium which carried aerial hyphae that differentiated into spiral chains of rugose ornament...

Decades of study indicate that copper oral exposures are typically not a human health concern. Ingesting high levels of soluble copper salts can cause acute gastrointestinal symptoms and, in uncommon cases, liver toxicity in susceptible individuals with repeated exposure. This focused toxicological review evaluated the current literature since the last comprehensive reviews (2007–2010). Our review identified limitations in the...