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Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with marked disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes across racial and ethnic groups. This study investigates the genetic determinants of tobacco carcinogen metabolism among smokers, focusing on ancestry-informative markers (AIMs) near genes involved in metabolic activation (Phase I), detoxification (Phase II), and transport (Phase III) of tob...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
HomoTherm : An Open‐Source Approach to Modelling Heat Exchange in Humans and Other Hominins in Diverse EnvironmentsNARA Subscribed
Climate change is increasing human exposure to novel environments and generating serious practical challenges in human health, while the role of past climates in shaping hominin evolution remains a fascination. Models of human heat exchange vary from simple environmental indices to extremely detailed physiological calculations. Physiologically explicit models vary in their physical explicitness, and significant trade‐offs exis...
Clarifying species boundaries in oak powdery mildews: description of Erysiphe quercus-palustris sp. nov. and notes on E. abbreviataNARA Subscribed
Powdery mildews ( Erysiphaceae ) are obligate fungal pathogens that infect over 10,000 plant taxa worldwide. Oaks ( Quercus spp.) are a particularly important group of hosts due to their ecological and economic value. Recent molecular work has revealed that species infecting North American oaks are more diverse and host-specific than previously recognized. Here, we describe Erysiphe quercus-palustris sp. nov., collected on Que...
Despite the rapid development of nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery systems, intravenous delivery of drugs to the brain remains a major challenge due to various biological barriers. To achieve therapeutic effects, NP-encapsulated drugs must avoid accumulation in off-target organs and selectively deliver to the brain, successfully cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and reach the target cells in the brain. Conjugating recep...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2024 Annual ReportNARA Subscribed
Waterfowl Move Less in Heterogeneous and Human‐Populated Landscapes, With Implications for Spread of Avian Influenza VirusesNARA Subscribed
Animal movements contribute to the spread of infectious diseases and are driven in part by environmental conditions. We investigated the links among the environment, animal movement, and infectious disease dynamics in waterfowl, which are among the primary wildlife hosts of avian influenza viruses. By combining telemetry data on 4606 individuals from 26 waterfowl species with data on land cover, weather, and vegetation, we fou...
Population genomics of rainforest mountain frogs (Anura: Limnodynastidae: Philoria) severely impacted by the Australian megafiresNARA Subscribed
The 2019/20 Australian megafires impacted numerous species, including six of the seven montane frog species from the genus Philoria , which are restricted to the top of mountain habitats across eastern Australian Gondwana Rainforest. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms, we examined the population structure and genetic diversity of the six Philoria species to inform conservation management and assess their capacity for post-f...