The Southern Ocean (SO) is a critical driver of global wave dynamics, generating long-period swells that propagate vast distances and significantly impact far distant coastal regions, including the Indian coastal regions. Climate change has intensified westerly winds and altered storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere, resulting in higher wave heights and longer periods, which in turn increase the risk to coastal regions.​ How...

Raman spectroscopy offers the potential for fingerprinting biological molecules at ultra-low concentration and therefore has potential for the detection of viruses. Here we review various Raman techniques employed for the investigation of viruses. Different Raman techniques are discussed including conventional Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Raman tweezer, tip-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, and coherent...

Human saliva can be treated as a pool of biological markers able to reflect on the state of personal health. Recent years have witnessed an increase in the use of optical devices for the analysis of body fluids. Several groups have carried out studies investigating the potential of saliva as a non-invasive and reliable clinical specimen for use in medical diagnostics. This brief review aims to highlight the optical technologie...