This study evaluated the dynamics of wheat yield and water productivity under various irrigation methods and farming practices in the rainfed‐to‐irrigated transitioning areas of the Pothohar region, Pakistan. Long‐term yield data (1981–2023) from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics and farmers' field surveys were used to benchmark existing practices. The comparative performance of conventional flood irrigation (CF) and high‐effi...

Climate change poses increasing risks to wheat production in semiarid regions. This study examined long‐term climate trends, wheat yield variability and farmers' perceptions and adaptation in District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Wheat‐season (November–April) climate data (1989–2019) were analysed alongside a survey of 175 farmers. The results showed a significant increase in T min (0.05°C year −1 , p = 0.03), whereas T max increased...

Wheat productivity in semi‐arid regions is constrained by inefficient irrigation, suboptimal tillage and poor soil water management, leading to low yields and high nonproductive water losses. However, the combined effects of irrigation systems and tillage on the soil water balance remain insufficiently quantified under field conditions. This study evaluated the interactive effects of four irrigation–sowing systems—flat‐basin b...