The purpose of the study is to evalute the in vivo anti -inflammatory activity of newly synthesized cyanoacetate derivatives of succinimides (C-23, C-31, and C-44) and to elucidate their possible mechanisms of action through key inflammatory mediator pathways. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using carrageenan-induced paw oedema and arachidonic acid-induced ear oedema models in vivo. Mechanistic involvement was investig...

Intestinal inflammation disrupts epithelial integrity, fuels antibiotic resistance, and underlies disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. Lactobacillus species, established inhabitants of traditional and contemporary fermented foods, are increasingly viewed as bioactive cultures that shape host immunity and support formulation of next-generation functional foods. This review integrates multidisciplinary evidence from in...