Indonesia has experienced significant mangrove loss due to aquaculture expansion, particularly for shrimp farming, leading to the degradation of habitats and critical ecosystem services such as carbon storage, coastal protection, and fish spawning grounds. Ecosystem based aquaculture approaches offer a pathway to both mitigate environmental impacts and support sustainable seafood production. Here we explore the implementation...

Mangrove forests are important carbon sinks, and this is especially true for Indonesia where about 24% of the world's mangroves exist. Unfortunately, vast expanses of these mangroves have been deforested, degraded or converted to other uses resulting in significant greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this study was to quantify the climate change mitigation potential of mangrove conservation and restoration in Indonesia....