Introduction Underwater target detection plays a crucial role in marine environmental monitoring and ocean exploration. However, accurate detection remains challenging due to low illumination, blurred small objects, and complex background interference. Although convolutional neural network-based detectors have improved detection performance, many existing approaches are computationally expensive, limiting their deployment on r...

Accurate and energy-efficient localization of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) remains a fundamental challenge due to the complex, bandwidth-limited, and highly dynamic nature of underwater acoustic environments. This paper proposes a fully adaptive deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-driven localization framework for AUVs operating in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UAWSNs). The localization problem is formulated as a...

Introduction Underwater acoustic (UWA) communication systems confront significant challenges due to the unique, dynamic, and unpredictable nature of acoustic channels, which are impacted by low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), severe multipath propagation, latency, Doppler spread, and a shortage of real-world data. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is essential for establishing resilient and reliable data transmiss...

The excavation of the ocean has led to the submersion of numerous autonomous vehicles and sensors. Hence, there is a growing need for multi-user underwater acoustic communication. On the other hand, due to the limited bandwidth of the underwater acoustic channel, downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is one of the fundamental pieces of technology for solving the problem of limited bandwidth, and it is expected to be b...

Oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth’s surface. For various reasons, almost 95% of these areas remain unexplored. Underwater wireless communication (UWC) has widespread applications, including real-time aquatic data collection, naval surveillance, natural disaster prevention, archaeological expeditions, oil and gas exploration, shipwreck exploration, maritime security, and the monitoring of aquatic species and water contami...

In recent decades, wireless power transfer (WPT) has gained significant interest from both academic and industrial experts. It possesses natural electrical isolation between transmitter and receiver components, ensuring a secure charging mechanism in an underwater scenario. This ground-breaking technology has also enabled power transmission in the deep-sea environment. However, the stochastic nature of the ocean highly influen...

This paper investigates the settlement in a pavement due to soil liquefaction. Four 1-g shaking table tests were performed on saturated sand bed-pavement model to understand the factors affecting the liquefaction-induced settlements and their relation to the pavement thickness and width. All the tests were performed with a base acceleration of 320 gal in a laminar box. The shaking table tests revealed that the total settlement...