Flash floods are among the most frequent natural hazards, posing serious environmental challenges, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where steep topography and compact basin morphometry accelerate surface runoff. The ungauged hill torrents of southwestern Punjab, Pakistan, are particularly vulnerable to such events, experiencing recurrent, intense flash floods. This study develops an integrated GIS-based morphometric...

The modified Zakharov–Kuznetsov (mZK) model is a fundamental framework for describing nonlinear phenomena in plasma oscillations, optical systems, discrete electrical lattices, and oceanic wave dynamics. In this work, we establish a unified framework that combines exact solution construction with dynamical systems analysis of the mZK equation. Using the modified Khater method and the Sardar subequation technique under a travel...

Groundwater is the primary source of potable and irrigation water in Gashua, Northeastern Nigeria, where arid climatic conditions limit surface water availability. Unlike previous studies in the Chad Basin that focused on limited chemical parameters, this study applies integrated geospatial modelling and multivariate statistics to delineate hydrochemical facies and anthropogenic hotspots in a semi-arid aquifer. Twenty-five gro...

Rainfall prediction is critical in agriculture, water resource management, transportation, and disaster planning. As a critical component of the hydrological cycle, precisely forecasting daily rainfall helps to lessen the effects of floods, droughts, and other extreme weather events. However, due to the nonlinear and complicated interaction of meteorological factors, daily rainfall forecast remains a grim problem. The proposed...