The Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) hosts the largest concentration of glaciers, seasonal snow, and permafrost outside the polar regions. Ongoing climate change has accelerated glacier mass loss, reduced snow cover, degraded permafrost, and altered runoff seasonality. These changes have amplified multihazard risks such as glacial lake outburst floods, avalanches, and landslides, with cascading impacts on water, energy, food, ecosyst...

Background: Selective pressure drives SARS-CoV-2 evolution, with spike RBD substitutions shaping ACE2 binding and antibody escape. N481K RBD mutation emerged early in Qatar (2020) and later re-emerged globally, reaching near-fixation by 2024–2025, yet its functional significance remained unexplored. Methods: We analyzed the temporal and geographic circulation of N481K across > 17 million SARS-CoV-2 genomes (2020–2025). Structu...

Heteropoda huntsman spiders are large, fast‐moving predators widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions, where they function as important nocturnal hunters. Despite their ecological prominence, the evolutionary and biogeographic history of the genus remains poorly resolved. Here, we analysed a six‐locus dataset (two mitochondrial and four nuclear genes) to estimate divergence times and reconstruct ancestral ran...