This study introduces a robust-efficient method for estimating the parameters of the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD), based on the probability integral transform. The probability integral transform estimator (PITE) is designed to enhance robustness in the presence of outliers, a frequent challenge in modeling extreme events. We also study the properties of PITE, including its efficiency and its robustness based on score...

Climate change is intensifying Sri Lanka’s exposure to multiple hazards, including floods, droughts, landslides, cyclones, coastal risks and heat stress, with growing consequences for livelihoods, infrastructure, public health and national development. This analysis evaluates whether Sri Lanka’s contemporary climate policy architecture is sufficiently coherent and operationally robust to support effective climate resilience. A...

The importance of seasonal snowpack in sustaining water resources for both ecological systems and anthropogenic activities is undeniable. Yet these vital systems are highly fragile and particularly susceptible to the impacts of human activities and climate change. The present study assesses the space–time variation in maximum snow water equivalent (SWEmax) and maximum daily snowmelt (SMmax) in terms of magnitude and timing and...