Trichothecium pseudoroseum sp. nov. is described from Yunnan Province, China, and Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan, based on morphological characteristics and multigene phylogenetic analyses. It is distinguished by its conidiophores, which arise directly from the substrate, are unbranched, solitary, long, slender, septate, slightly curved, smooth‐walled, and hyaline; the conidiogenous cells are smooth, hyaline, located at the ap...

A new species, Coprinellus nigrolamellatus , is described hereby from the Buner District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. The species is distinguished based on both morphological features and molecular data, with nrITS sequences confirming its unique status. Coprinellus nigrolamellatus is characterized by small‐ to medium‐sized basidiomata; an applanate and grayish‐brown pileus with yellowish orange central disk; adnexe...

Drought poses a significant threat to agriculture in the transboundary Indus River Basin (IRB), which supports over 300 million people through direct and indirect dependence on agriculture. With limited cropland and growing climatic stress, the basin faces an increasing risk to food security. Yet, comprehensive assessments of cropland exposure to drought under a changing climate and socioeconomic conditions remain lacking. Thi...

The Mirzachol Oasis is one of the most important agroecological regions in Uzbekistan and has been subject to six decades of intensified irrigation, resulting in significant hydrological and soil changes. The impact on microbial communities below the surface is less well studied than its impact on the surface, but both affect soil health. This study addresses this gap by examining microbial communities, soil physicochemical pa...

The epidermal mucus of fish plays an important role in innate immunity, providing both physical and biochemical protection through a complex matrix of bioactive molecules. The present study explored the biochemical characterization, bactericidal, and fungicidal activities of Mastacembelus armatus (Zig‐Zag eel) epidermal mucus treated with Aeromonas hydrophila . Extracts of epidermal mucus (ethanolic and acidic) of Mastacembelu...

Pakistan faces climate‐related hazards such as floods, droughts, and heatwaves, driven by diverse climate and rising temperatures. Reliable predictions are crucial for water management, agriculture, and disaster response, but the country's complex terrain requires region‐specific assessments. This study improves regional temperature projections by integrating ensembling techniques, statistical bias correction, and machine lear...

Soil carbon sequestration (SC seq ) is fundamental to global climate mitigation initiatives; however, growing evidence indicates an expanding disparity between carbon (C) accumulation and its long‐term persistence. This article aims to integrate recent advances in microbial ecology, mineral biogeochemistry, and nutrient stoichiometry to examine why increases in soil C (SC) stocks do not necessarily translate into long‐term per...

The rapid evolution of pesticide resistance in Plutella xylostella has reduced the effectiveness of conventional pest control methods in cruciferous crops. This study investigated the virulence of Serratia marcescens PXG6 against P. xylostella and identified two putative virulence factors, ser (serralysin) and shlB (hemolysin transporter). Whole‐genome sequencing revealed a GC content of 59.65%, 4650 predicted genes, multiple...

This paper reports a natural concurrent infection by water moulds of the genera Achlya and Protoachlya in a red tilapia hatchery in Malaysia. In December 2024, a mass mortality of cultured juvenile red tilapia was noticed at 7 days after transportation and introduction into a hatchery. The affected fish showed lethargy at the bottom of the tanks, loss of appetite, pale colouration, and were isolated from the schooling group. F...

Heteropoda huntsman spiders are large, fast‐moving predators widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions, where they function as important nocturnal hunters. Despite their ecological prominence, the evolutionary and biogeographic history of the genus remains poorly resolved. Here, we analysed a six‐locus dataset (two mitochondrial and four nuclear genes) to estimate divergence times and reconstruct ancestral ran...

Understanding the environmental factors associated with reef‐associated fish habitat suitability is important for conservation planning in tropical archipelagic systems, where temperature, nutrient dynamics, productivity, and water quality interact across space and time. This study examined temporal changes in predicted habitat suitability for reef‐associated fish across Indonesian waters from 2000 to 2023. Occurrence records...

Efficient irrigation scheduling is critical in sandy soils to achieve optimum yield and maximum net benefit with minimum environmental concerns. The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model was used to study the impacts of autoirrigation of corn on crop yield and soil water balance during 2019–2021 at −300 and −450 kPa for loamy sand (Becker) and sandy loam (Westport) sites in Central Minnesota, respectively. Moreo...

This study evaluated the dynamics of wheat yield and water productivity under various irrigation methods and farming practices in the rainfed‐to‐irrigated transitioning areas of the Pothohar region, Pakistan. Long‐term yield data (1981–2023) from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics and farmers' field surveys were used to benchmark existing practices. The comparative performance of conventional flood irrigation (CF) and high‐effi...

Aim This study examines the impact of atmospheric CO 2 concentration on pollinator communities, focusing on body size‐related responses. It aims to understand how natural CO 2 variability influences pollinator abundance and diversity, and to assess potential ecological consequences for pollination services and ecosystem stability. Location The study was conducted across the Pothwar Plateau in Punjab, Pakistan, covering five di...

Deciphering the intrinsic coexistence mechanisms of generalists and specialists is crucial for maintaining biodiversity. However, how these taxa seasonally turn over to sustain the stability of bacterial communities remains poorly understood in river sediments. Here, we employed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and statistical analyses to investigate the diversity, assembly processes, and ecological state conversion of bacter...

Climate change poses increasing risks to wheat production in semiarid regions. This study examined long‐term climate trends, wheat yield variability and farmers' perceptions and adaptation in District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Wheat‐season (November–April) climate data (1989–2019) were analysed alongside a survey of 175 farmers. The results showed a significant increase in T min (0.05°C year −1 , p = 0.03), whereas T max increased...

Giant featherback ( Chitala lopis ) is an ancient species of freshwater fish considered globally extinct until extant populations were re‐discovered in the Sundaland region of Indonesia in 2022. To improve management of the remaining populations, this study used genomic DNA and landmark‐based geometric morphometric analyses of fish scales to evaluate whether these approaches can discriminate among phylogenetic clades, sexes an...

Malaria is a disease that affects people throughout the global South and has a major impact on public health. The distribution of disease is influenced by global warming. Proposed solar geoengineering (SG), through aerosol injection, is a hypothetical climate intervention intended to temporarily counteract global warming by reflecting and absorbing a portion of incoming solar radiation. Using Entomological Inoculation Rate (EI...

Wheat productivity in semi‐arid regions is constrained by inefficient irrigation, suboptimal tillage and poor soil water management, leading to low yields and high nonproductive water losses. However, the combined effects of irrigation systems and tillage on the soil water balance remain insufficiently quantified under field conditions. This study evaluated the interactive effects of four irrigation–sowing systems—flat‐basin b...

Sodium propionate (SP), a short‐chain fatty acid, has been widely used as a feed additive to improve fish growth and health status. The current experiment was designed to investigate the effects of dietary SP on growth, enzymatic activities, haematology and immune status of Wallago attu . Fingerlings (initial weight = 8.80 ± 0.58 g) were fed with graded levels of SP comprising 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 g/kg levels for 60...

Assessing hydroclimatic variability and future water availability is crucial for sustainable water‐resource management. This study utilised the Budyko framework to explore baseline (1962–2005) and projected shifts in the water‐energy distribution across the Indus Basin, including the Upper Indus, Kabul, Jhelum, and Chenab sub‐basins. Future changes in hydroclimatic conditions were assessed using climate projections from multip...

Cortinarius squamibrunneus sp. nov. was collected from Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The species is distinguished from its closely related species, C . epipurrus , by its pale orangish‐brown to brown, fibrillose–squamulose pileus with a darker central disc and a rimose to radially cracked margin, smaller basidiospores (5.5–7.4 × 3.6–5 μm) with finely ornamented warts and variably shaped sterile cells. Comparativ...

Fungal pathogens pose a serious threat to the cultivation of morels ( Morchella spp.), impacting both yield and quality and, consequently, the economic viability of morel farming. This review explores the diverse range of fungal pathogens affecting morels, including Albomorchellophila morchellae , Cladobotryum protrusum , Clonostachys aureofulvella , Clonostachys rosea , Cylindrodendrum alicantinum , Diploöspora longispora , F...

Simplicillium and Leptobacillium are entomopathogenic fungal genera frequently associated with arthropods in tropical ecosystems and considered promising candidates for biological pest control. However, the diversity of these genera in tropical regions, particularly in Malaysia, has not been systematically investigated in the context of their taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships. This study aimed to investigate the taxonomi...