Efficient agricultural water management is essential due to increasing pressure on global water resources. To support environmentally sustainable farming water management, a detailed review of existing research on data-driven irrigation systems is conducted. The review paper reviews present advancements, challenges, and future directions based on extensive peer-reviewed studies on variable-rate irrigation (VRI), machine learni...

Bovine mastitis remains one of the most widespread and economically significant diseases affecting the dairy sector in Pakistan. Despite being a leading global milk producer, Pakistan’s dairy industry faces persistent challenges in controlling mastitis, particularly among smallholder farmers with limited access to veterinary care and diagnostic tools. Antibiotics are frequently used to manage mastitis, often without veterinary...