Papaya leaf curl Guangdong virus (PaLCuGdV) is an economically significant begomovirus, although its pathogenicity and evolutionary dynamics are poorly understood. This study involved the construction of a full infectious clone of PaLCuGdV, which was agroinoculated into Nicotiana benthamiana ( N. benthamiana ) to assess the infectivity and symptomatology. The infectious clone elicited typical begomoviral symptoms just at 28 da...

Faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) has great potential to contribute to sustainable agriculture and protein security globally but is known to be very sensitive to drought stress. Uncovering drought-adapted germplasm is critical for developing resilient cultivars and advancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying stress adaptation. However, high-throughput plant phenotyping under stress conditions remain a major bottleneck in...

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (TNFRSF4), also known as OX40, plays a crucial role in the regulation of T-cell immune responses under normal physiological conditions. Abnormal expression of OX40 and its cognate ligand OX40L (TNFSF4) have been associated with various autoimmune diseases, indicating that blocking the OX40/OX40L pathway could be a promising strategy for the treatment of a broad range of T cel...