Soil salinity severely impairs crop productivity by disrupting physiological and biochemical processes. This study investigated the efficacy of foliar-applied ascorbic acid (AsA) and α‑tocopherol (α-toc) in enhancing salinity tolerance in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. cv. AJJ). A pot experiment using a randomized complete block design with three replicates was conducted under controlled conditions. Seedlings at the 4–5 leaf stag...