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Background: Selective pressure drives SARS-CoV-2 evolution, with spike RBD substitutions shaping ACE2 binding and antibody escape. N481K RBD mutation emerged early in Qatar (2020) and later re-emerged globally, reaching near-fixation by 2024–2025, yet its functional significance remained unexplored. Methods: We analyzed the temporal and geographic circulation of N481K across > 17 million SARS-CoV-2 genomes (2020–2025). Structu...
A Novel Transfer Learning-Based OFDM Receiver Design for Enhanced Underwater Acoustic CommunicationOA Marine
The underwater acoustic (UWA) communication system faces challenges due to environmental factors, extensive multipath spread, and rapidly changing propagation conditions. Deep learning based solutions, especially for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receivers, have been shown to improve performance. However, the UWA channel characteristics are highly dynamic and depend on the specific underwater conditions. Th...