Aim This study examines the impact of atmospheric CO 2 concentration on pollinator communities, focusing on body size‐related responses. It aims to understand how natural CO 2 variability influences pollinator abundance and diversity, and to assess potential ecological consequences for pollination services and ecosystem stability. Location The study was conducted across the Pothwar Plateau in Punjab, Pakistan, covering five di...

Sodium propionate (SP), a short‐chain fatty acid, has been widely used as a feed additive to improve fish growth and health status. The current experiment was designed to investigate the effects of dietary SP on growth, enzymatic activities, haematology and immune status of Wallago attu . Fingerlings (initial weight = 8.80 ± 0.58 g) were fed with graded levels of SP comprising 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 g/kg levels for 60...

Flash floods are among the most frequent natural hazards, posing serious environmental challenges, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where steep topography and compact basin morphometry accelerate surface runoff. The ungauged hill torrents of southwestern Punjab, Pakistan, are particularly vulnerable to such events, experiencing recurrent, intense flash floods. This study develops an integrated GIS-based morphometric...

Anthropogenic climate change is driving a convergence of rapid soil aridification and secondary salinization that threatens to degrade over half of the world's arable land. As conventional glycophytic crops reach their physiological limits, global food security depends on decoding the evolutionary adaptations of extremophytes. This review synthesizes the functional traits and ecosystem‐level impacts of extremophytes, the nativ...