The Water-Food-Energy (WFE) nexus has become a central framework for addressing resource sustainability in agriculture, yet its operationalization increasingly relies on composite indices whose methodological foundations remain fragmented. This study presents the first systematic and critical review of the Water-Food-Energy Nexus Index (WFENI) applied in agricultural systems. Following a rigorous PRISMA-guided protocol, we ana...

The northeastern region of Pakistan (NEP) has experienced increased haze episodes over the past decade, primarily due to enhanced biomass burning activities during the post-monsoon season. Economic growth, urbanization and industrial development also controbuted to high pollutants levels that leads to decline in air quality and visibility. These elevated pollution levels over NEP (69–75.5°E, 27.4–34°N) are influenced by both m...

Bilateralism in ocean governance is a novel concept that can be developed under the existing International Environmental Law (IEL) and United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This research paper suggested that bilateralism in ocean governance is one of the Agenda of Sustainable Development Goal 14 (SDG 14). This research paper utilized the methodology of a Comprehensive Review of Law and Relevant Literature (...

International Fisheries Law (IFL) provides innovative approaches to fisheries governance at national levels. The emergence of Sustainable Development Goal 14 (SDG 14) is phenomenal for fisheries because it creates new means for implementing IFL. Under SDG 14, fisheries governance for sustainable fisheries has become a complex and challenging task for any state. Developing States like Pakistan are struggling to achieve SDG 14 w...