Periodic limb movement in sleep (PLMS) involves repetitive, involuntary limb movements and is central to diagnosing periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). Although distinct, PLMS frequently co-occurs with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and shares common pathophysiological factors, including deficiencies in brain dopamine, blood iron, and possibly cobalamin. Our aim was to investigate associations between blood concentrations of...

Determining how the thermal tolerances of species are related to climatic conditions at multiple spatial scales can improve our understanding of species distributions and their vulnerability to climate change. We compare the warming tolerances—a metric of warming vulnerability—of arboreal and ground‐dwelling ants from savanna and adjacent semideciduous forest in Brazil's Cerrado. Warming tolerance was estimated using the diffe...

Dispersal is one of the most important aspects of animal behavior and can have far‐reaching consequences for organismal ecology and evolution. Despite recent theoretical advances in understanding why individuals within the same population vary in dispersal behavior, relatively few studies have empirically evaluated the long‐term causes and consequences of variable dispersal within natural populations. In this study, we used li...

Disturbance is fundamental to ecosystem dynamics, and its management is foundational to effective ecosystem management for the conservation of biodiversity. Fire is a key agent of disturbance influencing faunal communities in many terrestrial ecosystems, and it underpins the conservation management of fire‐prone ecosystems. However, we have a limited understanding of how faunal communities in fire‐prone ecosystems respond to v...

Savannas and rainforests co‐occur as mosaics across large areas of the tropics. These mosaics are dynamic, with savanna and rainforest switching in relatively short time scales, largely through the effects of fire. Most research to date addresses such biome switching through the lens of vegetation, with little attention given to faunal responses to transitions between savannas and rainforests. Aim To assess the responses of an...

Biofuels generated through fermentation of plant-derived lignocellulosic biomass are currently not competitive with fossil fuels. Here, a framework is described for the engineering of valuable coproducts to improve the economic feasibility of biofuel production. To accomplish this goal, the desirable traits of the bioenergy crop Sorghum bicolor are harnessed via modern engineering approaches. A robust analysis is provided to h...

Tropical ecosystems contain the world's largest biodiversity of vascular plants. Yet, our understanding of tropical functional diversity and its contribution to global diversity patterns is constrained by data availability. This discrepancy underscores an urgent need to bridge data gaps by incorporating comprehensive tropical root data into global datasets. Here, we provide a database of tropical root characteristics. This new...

Understanding the neolithisation process in northern Europe requires detailed knowledge of both the type of crop plants as well as gathered food plants from Neolithic Funnel Beaker sites (4000–2800 bce ). However, although many sites from this culture are known, significant gaps remain in our knowledge on which taxa were used as well as on how plant food was prepared. Here, we present the results of combined plant macro- and m...

The hypothesis that pyrodiversity begets biodiversity is foundational to conservation management in fire-prone ecosystems and has received extensive research attention. However, empirical evidence for the hypothesis remains ambivalent. Moreover, few studies directly assess the key question of how much pyrodiversity is needed to conserve all species within a community. A novel way of addressing this is to use the biodiversity–m...

Marine Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) approaches are a well-established and fundamental component of international agreements and treaties, regional seas conventions, assessment strategies, European Directives and national and regional instruments. However, there is the need to interrogate and clarify the implementation of EBM approaches under current marine management. Although particular focus here is within the European U...

Acquired brain injury is an urgent situation that requires rapid diagnosis and treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are required for accurate diagnosis. However, these methods are costly and require substantial infrastructure and specialized staff. Circulatory biomarkers of acute brain injury may help in the management of patients with acute cerebrovascular events and prevent poor outcome an...

The expansion of transient and permanent coastal benthic anoxia is one of the most severe problems for the coastal ocean globally. We report frequent, hidden hypoxia in the bottom 5 cm of the water column of a coastal site in the central Baltic Sea by continuous high‐resolution profiling of oxygen (O 2 ) directly above the sediment surface. This hypoxia stood in stark contrast to 30‐yr O 2 monitoring records at this site that...

Fire is a major disturbance affecting ecosystems globally, but its impact on mutualisms has received minimal attention. Here, we use a long-term field experiment to investigate the impact of different fire regimes on globally important ant–honeydew and ant–extrafloral nectar (EFN) mutualistic interactions in an Australian tropical savanna. These interactions provide ants with a key energy source, while their plant and hemipter...