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Radon is an established lung carcinogen, but more research is needed to inform whether area-based measures of radon exposure reflect underlying cancer risk. This study, the first of its kind in the UK, aimed to investigate the association between a nationwide indicative radon atlas and lung cancer risk in Northern Ireland, a region in which lung cancer screening programmes are under design. A population-based case–control stud...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Did you know? State-of-the-art preprocessing diffusion MRI data can improve tractographyNARA Subscribed
Diffusion MRI fiber tractography is sensitive to noise and artifacts in diffusion-weighted images, and these challenges can propagate into fiber-orientation estimation and the tractography process. In this “Did You Know” communication, we synthesize evidence that state-of-the-art preprocessing improves tractography anatomical fidelity and test-retest reproducibility compared to minimally processed data. We summarize best-pract...
Metabolic cost of external work: a novel CPET parameter optimises characterisation of exercise performance in obese individualsNARA Subscribed
Purpose Both obesity and cardiorespiratory fitness are crucial determinants of symptoms and prognosis. However, interpreting the gold-standard cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is complicated by increasing body size and varying body composition. We hypothesised that the ‘metabolic cost of external work’ (or oxygen uptake (ml/min)/workload (Watts); V̇O 2 /W), a body weight-independent determinant of endurance capacity, would...
Conservation is an inherently social process—people collectively endeavor to enact conservation. Yet, in conservation social science, research methodologies, training, and competency are less common than in natural sciences. Globally, formal education and training in the social sciences are often unavailable or inaccessible to conservation practitioners, and nonformal education may help fill this gap. To identify potential opp...
WormRACER: Robust Analysis by Computer-Enhanced RecordingNARA Subscribed
The pace of scientific high-throughput screening for age-related phenotypes requires the need for developing streamlined and efficacious methods of measuring and quantifying physiological outcomes and at a scale that enables adequate statistical power to measure the variation in populations. Here, we introduce Worm Robust Analysis by Computer-Enhanced Recording (WormRACER), a computationally efficient computer vision software...
Challenges in assessing the effects of environmental governance systems on conservation outcomesNARA Subscribed
Effective governance is crucial for the success of conservation projects aimed at protecting wildlife populations and supporting human well‐being. However, few large‐scale, comprehensive syntheses have been conducted on the effects of different environmental governance types on conservation outcomes (i.e., biological and ecological effectiveness or effects of conservation on human well‐being), and clarity on the quantity and q...
Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α‐diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e., γ‐diversity), either due to reduced β‐diversity amplifying diversity loss or increased β‐diversity dampening diversity loss. Additionally, studies often focus on taxo...
The Kelp Forest Challenge: A collaborative global movement to protect and restore 4 million hectares of kelp forestsNARA Subscribed
Marine kelp forests cover 1/3 of our world's coastlines, are heralded as a nature-based solution to address socio-environmental issues, connect hundreds of millions of people with the ocean, and support a rich web of biodiversity throughout our oceans. But they are increasingly threatened with some areas reporting over 90% declines in kelp forest cover in living memory. Despite their importance and the threats they face, kelp...