Islands with contrasting herbivore histories provide a natural framework to investigate the evolution of plant defenses. Theory predicts that on islands with historically intense vertebrate herbivory, juveniles maintain strong defenses while adults may reduce them once out of reach, whereas islands lacking vertebrate browsers show minimal ontogenetic differences and generally lower defenses. Alternatively, when extinct herbivo...

Collisions with buildings cause up to 1 billion bird fatalities annually in the United States and Canada. However, efforts to reduce collisions would benefit from studies conducted at large spatial scales across multiple study sites with standardized methods and consideration of species‐ and life‐history‐related variation and correlates of collisions. We addressed these research needs through coordinated collection of data on...

The distribution of egg and larvae of mackerel, horse mackerel, sardine, hake, megrim, blue whiting and anchovy along the European Atlantic waters (south Portugal to Scotland) during 1998 is described. Time of the year, sea surface temperature and bottom depth are used to define the spawning habitat of the different species. Mackerel, horse mackerel, and sardine eggs and larvae presented the widest distribution, whereas megrim...