Introduction Age estimation is an important tool for understanding the life history of animal populations, and several techniques have been developed, each with its own strengths and limitations. Methods In this study, we apply a novel age estimation method that utilizes trace element signals with seasonal components obtained through laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) on tusks of 16 narwhal...

Best practices for performing freeze dryer equipment qualification are recommended, focusing on identifying methods to quantify shelf thermal uniformity (also known as “shelf surface uniformity”), equipment capability, and performance metrics of the freeze dryer essential to the pharmaceutical Quality by Design paradigm. Specific guidelines for performing shelf temperature mapping, freeze dryer equipment limit testing (the cap...