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SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023: The First Five Years of Data From a Coordinated Camera Trap Survey of the United StatesNARA Subscribed
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multicontributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of specie...
Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate whether different dispensing processes can alter the physicochemical and structural (Q3) attributes of a topical cream product, and potentially alter its performance. Methods Acyclovir cream, 5% (Zovirax®) is sold in the UK and other countries in a tube and a pump packaging configurations. The structural attributes of the cream dispensed from each packaging configuration w...
SNAPSHOT USA 2021: A third coordinated national camera trap survey of the U nited S tatesNARA Subscribed
SNAPSHOT USA is a multicontributor, long‐term camera trap survey designed to survey mammals across the United States. Participants are recruited through community networks and directly through a website application ( https://www.snapshot-usa.org/ ). The growing Snapshot dataset is useful, for example, for tracking wildlife population responses to land use, land cover, and climate changes across spatial and temporal scales. Her...
Ginsenosides enhance P2X7-dependent cytokine secretion from LPS-primed rodent macrophagesNARA Subscribed
The activation of P2X7 is a well-known stimulus for the NLRP3-caspase 1 inflammasome and subsequent rapid IL-1β secretion from monocytes and macrophages. Here we show that positive allosteric modulators of P2X7, ginsenosides, can enhance the release of three important cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α from LPS-primed rodent macrophages using the J774 mouse macrophage cell line and primary rat peritoneal macrophages. We compared...
Conspicuous coloration of toxin‐resistant predators implicates additional trophic interactions in a predator–prey arms raceNARA Subscribed
Antagonistic coevolution between natural enemies can produce highly exaggerated traits, such as prey toxins and predator resistance. This reciprocal process of adaptation and counter‐adaptation may also open doors to other evolutionary novelties not directly involved in the phenotypic interface of coevolution. We tested the hypothesis that predator–prey coevolution coincided with the evolution of conspicuous coloration on resi...
We describe a simple hyperbaric chamber and optical oxygen probe (optrode), which is based on the dynamic fluorescent quenching of a ruthenium metal complex, that can be used to measure changes in oxygen concentration in either aqueous or gaseous media. Initial experiments illustrate the utility of this robust form of sensor. The optrode showed a typical response time of ≪10 s, a linear temperature response with greater fluore...