Over historical time, Berre Lagoon (SE France, NW Mediterranean Sea) had undergone various changes. These became more significant, transforming and even disruptive since the 19th century when the channel connecting the lagoon to the sea was deepened and the surrounding areas were industrialized and urbanized. Pollution and anoxic crises were major consequences. Concomitantly, many non-indigenous species (NIS) arrived in the la...

The growth of phytoplankton at high latitudes was generally thought to begin in open waters of the marginal ice zone once the highly reflective sea ice retreats in spring, solar elevation increases, and surface waters become stratified by the addition of sea-ice melt water. In fact, virtually all recent large-scale estimates of primary production in the Arctic Ocean (AO) assume that phytoplankton production in the water column...