Global food security faces growing pressure from population growth and climate change. Improving water productivity requires optimizing irrigation through accurate reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimates, yet selecting reliable ETo methods remains difficult in data‐scarce Nepal. This study evaluates ETo in the Terai region of Nepal using data from 14 meteorological stations over a historical period (1989–2014) using nine...

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles released by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, playing critical roles in microbial communication, host-pathogen interactions, and immune modulation. Despite their significance in research and clinical applications, conventional isolation methods, such as ultracentrifugation (UC), are often slow, labor-intensive, and susceptible to contamination. In this...