Picea smithiana , an important Himalayan conifer, is facing population decline due to excessive logging and poor natural regeneration. The species depends on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi that play a crucial role in its growth, nutrient uptake, and overall survival. In the present study, morphoanatomical and molecular approaches were used to characterize the ECM fungal community associated with P. smithiana . Sporocarps were ide...