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96-h methamphetamine self-administration elicits striatal dopamine depletion in male and female rats: a model of binge-like useNARA Subscribed
Background Methamphetamine is a psychostimulant with significant public health implications. Chronic methamphetamine use is linked to profound dysregulation of the dopaminergic system, cognitive deficits, and psychiatric symptoms. While traditional experimenter administered “binge” dosing models reliably produce dopaminergic neurotoxicity, they fail to capture the volitional, drug intake characteristic of human methamphetamine...
Simple GCM Simulations of Rainfall Over Northeast Brazil, Part 1: Systematic Effect of Canonical Sea Surface Temperature PatternsNARA Subscribed
The response of February to April (FMA) Northeast Brazil precipitation to tropical sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) patterns is analysed by making ensemble seasonal forecasts with a simple GCM. The physical and dynamical link between the SSTAs and regional precipitation is examined for a set of tropical Pacific and Atlantic SSTAs, both separately and in combination. Five canonical SSTA patterns are considered: El Niño (s...
Simple GCM Simulations of Rainfall Over Northeast Brazil, Part 2: Model Performance for Historical Seasonal ForecastsNARA Subscribed
A dynamical model is used as a simple GCM to perform historical forecasts for rainfall in northeastern Brazil for the years 1982–2020. The model is forced by empirically derived source terms and includes basic parameterisations to simulate vertical diffusion, convection and condensation. Ensemble forecasts with 38 members are initiated on 1st January using persisted tropical sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs). Rainfall...
We address eddy generation in the middle part of Lake Baikal—a large freshwater dimictic lake in Siberia, where river discharge, wind influence and coastline shape impact horizontal water exchange. We use satellite remote sensing, historical observations and in situ data to follow the different stages of warm and cold anticyclonic eddy generation before and after vertical overturn; an aspect that has received little attention...
Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α‐diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e., γ‐diversity), either due to reduced β‐diversity amplifying diversity loss or increased β‐diversity dampening diversity loss. Additionally, studies often focus on taxo...
Remote influences on intraseasonal anomalous rainfall over regions that encompass North and South Vietnam are explored using a 38‐year (1979–2016) global dataset over the extended summer (May–October). Wet and Dry composites in filtered daily data with lags of up to 2 weeks are assembled for various rainfall indices over the two subregions, including atmospheric reanalysis products and in‐situ rainfall data. On the regional sc...
Sustainable pathways towards climate and biodiversity goals in the UK: the importance of managing land-use synergies and trade-offsNARA Subscribed
Agricultural and environmental policies are being fundamentally reviewed and redesigned in the UK following its exit from the European Union. The UK government and the Devolved Administrations recognise that current land use is not sustainable and that there is now an unprecedented opportunity to define a better land strategy that responds fully to the interconnected challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss and sustaina...
There is an urgent need for countries to transition their national food and land-use systems toward food and nutritional security, climate stability, and environmental integrity. How can countries satisfy their demands while jointly delivering the required transformative change to achieve global sustainability targets? Here, we present a collaborative approach developed with the FABLE—Food, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Land, and...
Global dissemination of influenza A virus is driven by wild bird migration through arctic and subarctic zonesNARA Subscribed
Influenza A viruses (IAV) circulate endemically among many wild aquatic bird populations that seasonally migrate between wintering grounds in southern latitudes to breeding ranges along the perimeter of the circumpolar arctic. Arctic and subarctic zones are hypothesized to serve as ecologic drivers of the intercontinental movement and reassortment of IAVs due to high densities of disparate populations of long distance migrator...
Relationship between interhemispheric Rossby wave propagation and South Atlantic convergence zone during La Niña yearsNARA Subscribed
Through a set of observational analyses and baroclinic model experiments, we show that during La Niña conditions a wave train in North Pacific propagates eastwards along the Asian jet, crosses the equator and interacts with the SACZ through an equatorial window in the East Pacific. Composites of active SACZ for November–March of 1979–2013 are used, drawn from the full dataset and also from just the La Niña years. The data are...
Common, low-frequency, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants contribute to COVID-19 severityNARA Subscribed
The combined impact of common and rare exonic variants in COVID-19 host genetics is currently insufficiently understood. Here, common and rare variants from whole-exome sequencing data of about 4000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were used to define an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity. First, variants were converted into separate sets of Boolean features, depending on the absence or the pr...