Nicolas Graham results 44
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Fire frequency differentially affects carbon pools and pyrogenic organic matter in a South African montane grasslandNARA Subscribed
Aims Grasslands are globally important for biodiversity and ecosystem services, including carbon storage, and have coevolved with disturbances such as fire. However, the effects of fire on soil carbon storage in southern African grasslands remain poorly understood. We investigated how fire frequency (annual, biennial, quinquennial, and infrequent) influences the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) pools in a 40-year burn...
Accurate prediction of community assembly is a central goal in ecology but is challenging because assembly is governed by numerous mechanisms. Few theoretical models explicitly incorporate or test multiple mechanisms at once. We empirically tested the predictive performance of a plant community assembly model built using all possible combinations of four ‘mechanisms’ (soil resource competition, dispersal and colonisation, spat...
Contributions of benthic microalgal biofilms to sediment organic carbon stocks across a salt marsh gradientNARA Subscribed
Benthic microalgal (BMA) communities contribute significantly to food webs, nutrient cycling, and carbon flows in intertidal habitats. However, the contribution of BMA to saltmarsh carbon stocks (“blue carbon”) is unclear. BMA and sediment total organic carbon (TOC) stocks were measured in an east coast American Atlantic saltmarsh, revealing key relationships between biofilm biomass, carbohydrate, and carbon content. BMA bioma...
Background and Aims Root microbiomes can benefit the health and fitness of host plants but manipulating them artificially has challenges. Instead, manipulating the host species through breeding can indirectly promote the development of a beneficial root microbiome. Information to guide root-trait-based breeding approaches in forest trees is, however, severely lacking, especially in non-juvenile trees. We aimed to investigate t...
Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R packag...
Mobile organisms like seabirds can provide important nutrient flows between ecosystems, but this connectivity has been interrupted by the degradation of island ecosystems. Island restoration (via invasive species eradications and the restoration of native vegetation) can reestablish seabird populations and their nutrient transfers between their foraging areas, breeding colonies, and adjacent nearshore habitats. Its diverse ben...
Like many forage fish species, Pacific sand lance ( Ammodytes personatus ) play a key role in nearshore marine ecosystems as an important prey source for a diverse array of predators in the northeastern Pacific. However, the primary threats to Pacific sand lance and their habitat are poorly defined due to a lack of systematic data. Crucial information needed to assess their population status is also lacking including basic kno...
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are the most widely applied tool for marine biodiversity conservation, yet many gaps remain in our understanding of their species‐specific effects, partly because the socio‐environmental context and spatial autocorrelation may blur and bias perceived conservation outcomes. Based on a large data set of nearly 3000 marine fish surveys spanning all tropical regions of the world, we build spatially ex...
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus can be found in oysters in coastal environments. Vibrio vulnificus can induce life‐threatening illness when ingested with oysters, while V. parahaemolyticus usually causes self‐limiting gastroenteritis. This study investigated correlations between concentrations of these Vibrio species in Pacific oysters from eight New Zealand coastal regions (2008–2017), and seawater surface tempe...
World Octopus FisheriesNARA Subscribed
Trends in tuna carbon isotopes suggest global changes in pelagic phytoplankton communitiesNARA Subscribed
Considerable uncertainty remains over how increasing atmospheric CO 2 and anthropogenic climate changes are affecting open‐ocean marine ecosystems from phytoplankton to top predators. Biological time series data are thus urgently needed for the world's oceans. Here, we use the carbon stable isotope composition of tuna to provide a first insight into the existence of global trends in complex ecosystem dynamics and changes in th...