The ocean plays an essential role in regulating Earth’s climate, influencing weather conditions, providing sustenance for large populations, moderating anthropogenic climate change, encompassing massive biodiversity, and sustaining the global economy. Human activities are changing the oceans, stressing ocean health, threatening the critical services the ocean provides to society, with significant consequences for human well-be...

Pancreas disease (PD) is an important cause of losses in farmed salmonids in Norway, the United Kingdom and Ireland. As the spread of salmonid alphavirus (SAV), the causal agent, to naïve populations is of major concern to the farming industry, it is important to uncover the transmission routes of the virus. This study was conducted to investigate the potential for vertical transmission of SAV subtype 3. Progeny of broodstock...

A prospective longitudinal study was performed on three cages at each of three Norwegian Atlantic salmon seawater sites that experienced outbreaks of pancreas disease (PD). Once salmonid alphavirus (SAV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) was detected by real‐time RT‐PCR (Rt RT‐PCR) at a site, it became detected in all studied cages and was persistently found until the end of the study period up to 19 months after first detection. SAV‐spe...

A cohort study was initiated in the spring of 2006 to investigate epidemiological aspects and pathogenesis of salmonid alphavirus (SAV) subtype 3 infections and pancreas disease (PD). The aims were to assess involvement of the freshwater production phase, the extent and frequency of subclinical infections and to follow PD‐affected populations throughout the entire seawater production cycle, as well as investigate possible risk...

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of dietary levels of histidine (His) and iron (Fe) on cataract development in two strains of Atlantic salmon monitored through parr‐smolt transformation. Three experimental diets were fed: (i) a control diet (CD) with 110 mg kg −1 Fe and 11.7 g kg −1 His; (ii) CD supplemented with crystalline His to a level of 18 g kg −1 (HD); and (iii) HD with added iron up to 220 mg kg −1 (HID...

The effect of fluctuation in water temperature during the freshwater rearing stage on cataract development in Atlantic salmon was investigated. Presmolts were exposed to either constant low or high temperatures, or high temperature with cold‐water fluctuations. Temperature fluctuations caused the fastest growth rate and most severe cataracts, whilst low temperature resulted in slow growth and minor cataracts. The fish were the...