Introduction The Arabian Gulf (Gulf) is a dynamic marine ecosystem in which phytoplankton productivity, indicated by Chlorophyll- a (Chl- a ), is strongly affected by environmental and climatic variables. Understanding the spatiotemporal variability of Chl- a and its driving environmental factors is critical for assessing primary productivity and ecosystem dynamics of the Gulf. Methods This study investigated the long-term Chl...

The genus Scomberomorus , with 18 nominal species, sustains a significant heterogeneous fishery throughout its range. The sole molecular systematic study of this genus concerned the species group S. regalis , which contains the new world taxa. The species diversity of Scomberomorus in the northern Indian Ocean has not been studied at the molecular level, often leading to misidentifications. Here, novel genetic data are provide...