Climate change has significantly influenced temperature and rainfall patterns, disrupting hydrological cycles and increasing extreme weather events. This study analyses spatial and temporal variations in rainfall trends and extreme climatic indices in the Tel Basin, Odisha, India, from 1981 to 2021. Rainfall trends were assessed using the Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator, while extreme climatic indices were evaluate...

The Southern Ocean (SO) is a critical driver of global wave dynamics, generating long-period swells that propagate vast distances and significantly impact far distant coastal regions, including the Indian coastal regions. Climate change has intensified westerly winds and altered storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere, resulting in higher wave heights and longer periods, which in turn increase the risk to coastal regions.​ How...

The ~75 ka Young Toba super‐eruption was a catastrophic extreme event that spewed vast quantities of volcanic ash and aerosols and is argued to have caused a drastic volcanic winter, climatic upheaval, and a human genetic bottleneck. The global and regional impacts of the eruption on climate dynamics and past hominin populations are strongly contested due to conflicting global climatic records and archeological datasets. The I...