The need for ocean information has never been greater. From climate change to food security and extreme events, we need to understand the role of the ocean and better predict change and impact. This is only possible with the sustained collection of a key set of ocean observations. The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) coordinates international efforts to collect these Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs), which span physics, bi...

Ocean surface waves, which are gravity waves primarily driven by surface winds, significantly influence air‐sea interactions, coastal ecology, and marine operations, among others. Tropical climate variability is shaped by ocean–atmosphere coupled modes such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), which also influence ocean surface waves through changes in surface winds. This study examines...

Hilsa is a vital transboundary fishery resource in the Bay of Bengal (BoB), holding commercial, ecological, and cultural importance. This study aims to develop a short‐term prediction of Hilsa catch in the northern BoB using a machine learning (ML) model. The prediction technique was developed considering the georeferenced Hilsa catch per unit effort (CPUE) as a function of environmental variables like surface salinity, sea su...

The Southern Ocean (SO) is a critical driver of global wave dynamics, generating long-period swells that propagate vast distances and significantly impact far distant coastal regions, including the Indian coastal regions. Climate change has intensified westerly winds and altered storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere, resulting in higher wave heights and longer periods, which in turn increase the risk to coastal regions.​ How...