Purpose Integrating differentiating technologies into drug development offers the potential for improved clinical outcomes and commercial success, but these benefits must be weighed against added cost, time, and risk. This study introduces a decision analytics framework that quantifies how technology integration influences key development variables and return on investment (ROI). Methods Leveraging real‑world datasets, risk-ad...

Elephants were a major driver of tree stem mortality in Africa, but their impacts are now spatially constrained and they no longer topple trees across the continent. Thus, most African landscapes lack a key ecological agent that helped maintain diversity and functioning. Even ecologists living in Africa fail to anticipate the rampant destruction of trees that can occur when elephants live in and move through landscapes. If we...

Coastal water exchange with the open ocean plays a key role in regulating the transport and distribution of nutrients, heat, pollutants, suspended sediments and organisms in semi-enclosed systems. In this study, we quantify coastal water exchange for Exmouth Gulf (Australian North West Shelf), a globally significant water body adjacent to the Ningaloo Coast World Heritage Area. We use a high-resolution (200 m) hydrodynamic mod...

Understanding within-field and season variability of soil water supply and crop water stress is critical for successful variable-rate irrigation (VRI) management. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess within-field variability of field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP), total available water (TAW), and initial soil volumetric water content (VWC init ); (2) validate a water balance model based on the American Society o...

Purpose Sweat sodium testing is increasingly used to estimate electrolyte losses during exercise; however, the reliability of sweat sodium assessment and the influence of methodological factors remain unclear. We evaluated the day-to-day variability and agreement between common sweat induction, collection, and analytical approaches, including pilocarpine iontophoresis and exercise-induced sweating. Methods Twenty physically ac...

Therapeutic antibody dosing regimens are often constrained by formulation and administration factors that limit flexibility in dose and schedule. Subcutaneous (SC) delivery offers advantages over intravenous (IV) administration—such as improved convenience and potentially more favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles—but is typically restricted by injection volume, requiring lower doses and more frequent dosing. Recombinant hum...

Conservation planning has long prioritized local species richness (α diversity) but has rarely explicitly integrated species turnover (β diversity) into actionable strategies. Areas with high species turnover lack recognition and protection despite their ecological importance. We devised a simple, standardized, and scalable approach for mapping species turnover. We rasterized species ranges, then counted the range edges of eac...