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In the Southern Ocean, phytoplankton are critical drivers of biogeochemical cycling and food web dynamics, and show sensitivity to shifting climates. Along the West Antarctic Peninsula, climate‐driven variations in sea ice and hydrography have been linked to long‐term changes in summer phytoplankton productivity. Such changes are hypothesized to reflect decadal shifts in algal light environments, but diagnostic evidence of thi...
Marine megafauna species are affected by a wide range of anthropogenic threats. To evaluate the risk of such threats, species’ vulnerability to each threat must first be determined. We build on the existing threats classification scheme and ranking system of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species by assessing the vulnerability of 256 marine megafauna species to 23 at‐sea threat...
Harmonizing mouse anatomy terminology: a common language?NARA Subscribed
The mouse remains the principal animal model for investigating human diseases due, among other reasons, to its anatomical similarities to humans. Despite its widespread use, the assumption that mouse anatomy is a fully established field with standardized and universally accepted terminology is misleading. Many phenotypic anatomical annotations do not refer to the authority or origin of the terminology used, while others inappr...
The ocean plays an essential role in regulating Earth’s climate, influencing weather conditions, providing sustenance for large populations, moderating anthropogenic climate change, encompassing massive biodiversity, and sustaining the global economy. Human activities are changing the oceans, stressing ocean health, threatening the critical services the ocean provides to society, with significant consequences for human well-be...
The thermal expansion of the clinopyroxene and garnet polymorphs of Na2MgSi5O12 determined by X-ray powder diffractionNARA Subscribed
The temperature dependence of the unit-cell parameters of synthetic Na(Mg 0.5 Si 0.5 )Si 2 O 6 clinopyroxene and Na 2 MgSi 5 O 12 garnet were measured, at atmospheric pressure, using X-ray powder diffraction, from 40 K up to their decomposition temperatures (673 K and 793 K respectively). At 300 K the cell parameters were found to be: (i) a = 9.4073(3) Å, b = 8.6487(3) Å, c = 5.2685(2) Å, β = 108.113(2)°, V = 407.41(3) Å 3 and...
Construction of relatedness matrices in autopolyploid populations using low-depth high-throughput sequencing dataNARA Subscribed
Key message An improved estimator of genomic relatedness using low-depth high-throughput sequencing data for autopolyploids is developed. Its outputs strongly correlate with SNP array-based estimates and are available in the package GUSrelate. Abstract High-throughput sequencing (HTS) methods have reduced sequencing costs and resources compared to array-based tools, facilitating the investigation of many non-model polyploid sp...
Cyclical prey shortages for a marine polar predator driven by the interaction of climate change and natural climate variabilityNARA Subscribed
Between 1992 and 2018, the breeding population of Adélie penguins around Anvers Island, Antarctica declined by 98%. In this region, natural climate variability drives five‐year cycling in marine phytoplankton productivity, leading to phase‐offset five‐year cycling in the size of the krill population. We demonstrate that the rate of change of the Adélie breeding population also shows five‐year cycling. We link this population r...
Bridging mouse and human anatomies; a knowledge-based approach to comparative anatomy for disease model phenotypingNARA Subscribed
The laboratory mouse is the foremost mammalian model used for studying human diseases and is closely anatomically related to humans. Whilst knowledge about human anatomy has been collected throughout the history of mankind, the first comprehensive study of the mouse anatomy was published less than 60 years ago. This has been followed by the more recent publication of several books and resources on mouse anatomy. Nevertheless,...
Glacial meltwater is an important environmental variable for ecosystem dynamics along the biologically productive Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) shelf. This region is experiencing rapid change, including increasing glacial meltwater discharge associated with the melting of land ice. To better understand the WAP environment and aid ecosystem forecasting, additional methods are needed for monitoring and quantifying glacial me...
A surplus no more? Variation in krill availability impacts reproductive rates of Antarctic baleen whalesNARA Subscribed
The krill surplus hypothesis of unlimited prey resources available for Antarctic predators due to commercial whaling in the 20th century has remained largely untested since the 1970s. Rapid warming of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) over the past 50 years has resulted in decreased seasonal ice cover and a reduction of krill. The latter is being exacerbated by a commercial krill fishery in the region. Despite this, humpba...
Systems analysis of miRNA biomarkers to inform drug safetyNARA Subscribed
microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are short non-coding RNA molecules which have been shown to be dysregulated and released into the extracellular milieu as a result of many drug and non-drug-induced pathologies in different organ systems. Consequently, circulating miRs have been proposed as useful biomarkers of many disease states, including drug-induced tissue injury. miRs have shown potential to support or even replace the existing...
Occurrence of quiescence in free-ranging migratory songbirdsNARA Subscribed
This study quantified the hypoxia tolerance of the Mayan cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus over a range of salinities. The species was very tolerant of hypoxia, using aquatic surface respiration (ASR) and buccal bubble holding when oxygen tensions dropped to c. 1·0 mg l −1 ) and 6 mmHg, respectively. Salinity had little effect on the hypoxia tolerance of C. urophthalmus , except that bubble holding was more frequent at the highe...
Efficient Estimation of Abundance for Patchily Distributed Populations via Two‐phase, Adaptive SamplingNARA Subscribed
Many organisms are patchily distributed, with some patches occupied at high density, others at lower densities, and others not occupied. Estimation of overall abundance can be difficult and is inefficient via intensive approaches such as capture–mark–recapture (CMR) or distance sampling. We propose a two‐phase sampling scheme and model in a Bayesian framework to estimate abundance for patchily distributed populations. In the f...