Wolbachia are maternally inherited endocellular bacteria known to alter insect host reproduction to facilitate their own transmission. Multiple Wolbachia infections are more common in tropical than temperate insects but few studies have investigated their dynamics in field populations. The beetle, Chelymorpha alternans , found throughout the Isthmus of Panama, is infected with two strains of Wolbachia , w Calt1 (99.2% of beetl...