P.-J. Gauthier results 30
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Drying Spring Accelerates Transitions Toward Pyrogenic Vegetation in Eastern Boreal North AmericaNARA Subscribed
The ongoing climate change increases vegetation flammability in the boreal forests of eastern North America, leading to more intense and severe wildfires. Using palaeoecological data—including charcoal, pollen, chironomids and testate amoebae—and climate model simulations of vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and available soil water (ASW), we analysed fire dynamics over the past 8000 years in boreal eastern North America. Over the...
Cover Image, Volume 28, Issue 6NARA Subscribed
Introduction Systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are potentially modifiable factors implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which offer potential therapeutic targets to slow disease progression. Methods We investigated the relationship between baseline circulating levels of inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1ß) and endothelial cell markers (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin) and 18-month cognitive decline (ADAS-cog12) in 266 mild...
Farmed fish are increasingly grown in intensive and semi‐intensive systems where most nutrients are provided by formulated feeds. These are formulated to minimise costs and optimise growth, notably the rate of muscle protein synthesis ( i.e ., fillet). Protein synthesis depends on the availability of amino acids ( i.e ., protein) and energy. Thus, fish feeds are often formulated to provide a balanced ratio of protein to energy...
In motor learning, sequence specificity, i.e. the learning of specific sequential associations, has predominantly been studied using task-based fMRI paradigms. However, offline changes in resting state functional connectivity after sequence-specific motor learning are less well understood. Previous research has established that plastic changes following motor learning can be divided into stages including fast learning, slow le...
Aim Large tropical trees form the interface between ground and airborne observations, offering a unique opportunity to capture forest properties remotely and to investigate their variations on broad scales. However, despite rapid development of metrics to characterize the forest canopy from remotely sensed data, a gap remains between aerial and field inventories. To close this gap, we propose a new pan‐tropical model to predic...
Aim Understanding the forces shaping biodiversity patterns, particularly for groups of organisms with key functional roles, will help predict the responses of ecosystems to environmental changes. Our aim was to evaluate the relative role of different drivers in shaping the diversity patterns of vertebrate herbivores, a group of organisms exerting a strong trophic influence in terrestrial Arctic ecosystems. This biome, traditio...
EPMA-World Congress 2015NARA Subscribed
An eDNA assay for Irish Petromyzon marinus and Salmo trutta and field validation in running waterNARA Subscribed
This pilot study presents an environmental DNA ( eDNA ) assay for sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus and brown trout Salmo trutta , two species of economic and conservation importance in the Republic of Ireland. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of eDNA for assessing presence of low‐abundance taxa (here, P. marinus ) for environmental managers, and they highlight the potential for assessing relative abundance of rare or in...
By combining next‐generation sequencing technology (454) and reduced representation library ( RRL ) construction, the rapid and economical isolation of over 25 000 potential single‐nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNP ) and >6000 putative microsatellite loci from c . 2% of the genome of the non‐model teleost, Atlantic cod Gadus morhua from the Celtic Sea, south of Ireland, was demonstrated. A small‐scale validation of markers indica...
Variability and change in the Canadian cryosphereNARA Subscribed
During the International Polar Year (IPY), comprehensive observational research programs were undertaken to increase our understanding of the Canadian polar cryosphere response to a changing climate. Cryospheric components considered were snow, permafrost, sea ice, freshwater ice, glaciers and ice shelves. Enhancement of conventional observing systems and retrieval algorithms for satellite measurements facilitated development...
Disentangling trophic relationships in a High Arctic tundra ecosystem through food web modelingNARA Subscribed
Determining the manner in which food webs will respond to environmental changes is difficult because the relative importance of top‐down vs. bottom‐up forces in controlling ecosystems is still debated. This is especially true in the Arctic tundra where, despite relatively simple food webs, it is still unclear which forces dominate in this ecosystem. Our primary goal was to assess the extent to which a tundra food web was domin...
Rodents of the Praomys daltoni complex are typical inhabitants of the Sudanian savanna ecosystem in western Africa and represent a suitable model for testing the effects of Quaternary climatic oscillations on extant genetic variation patterns. Phylogeographical analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences (cytochrome b ) across the distribution range of the complex revealed several well‐defined clades that do not support the divisi...
Poster abstractsNARA Subscribed
Genetic architecture of sexual and asexual populations of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi based on allozyme and microsatellite markersNARA Subscribed
Cyclical parthenogens, including aphids, are attractive models for comparing the genetic outcomes of sexual and asexual reproduction, which determine their respective evolutionary advantages. In this study, we examined how reproductive mode shapes genetic structure of sexual (cyclically parthenogenetic) and asexual (obligately parthenogenetic) populations of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi by comparing microsatellite and allozyme...