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From kelp forests to turf reefs: Patterns, drivers, and impacts to functional diversityNARA Subscribed
Kelp forests are declining in many regions due to ocean warming, predator loss, and other anthropogenic stressors. In areas of rapid ocean warming, including the southern Gulf of Maine, these ecosystems have transitioned to a novel state dominated by low‐lying mats of turf algae. However, the pace, drivers, and ecological consequences of this transition remain unclear. Here, we used field surveys from 32 sites over 5 years (20...
Fitness of fish is assumed to be influenced by locomotion performance, but empirical evidence linking swimming capacity to survival in nature remains sparse. Poor triploid (3N) fish aerobic swimming performance in conjunction with production of sibling diploid (2N) and 3N populations of genetically identical origin to minimize variability among compared populations make 3N trout an informative system to test hypotheses about f...
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
Global Mammal Parasite Database version 2.0NARA Subscribed
Illuminating the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of parasites is one of the most pressing issues facing modern science, and is critical for basic science, the global economy, and human health. Extremely important to this effort are data on the disease‐causing organisms of wild animal hosts (including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, helminths, arthropods, and fungi). Here we present an updated version of the Global Mammal Par...
The macroecology of infectious diseases: a new perspective on global‐scale drivers of pathogen distributions and impactsNARA Subscribed
Identifying drivers of infectious disease patterns and impacts at the broadest scales of organisation is one of the most crucial challenges for modern science, yet answers to many fundamental questions remain elusive. These include what factors commonly facilitate transmission of pathogens to novel host species, what drives variation in immune investment among host species, and more generally what drives global patterns of par...
The primary aim of this long‐term angler‐led tagging programme was to gain information about seasonal changes in distribution of the starry smooth‐hound shark Mustelus asterias , along the Dutch coast for management and conservation purposes. Between 2011 and 2014, M. asterias comprised 92·6% ( n = 2418) of the total elasmobranch catch ( n = 2612) by the licenced group of taggers within the Dutch Delta of which 2244 M. asteria...
The techniques and protocols used to successfully capture, transport and breed Arctic cod Boreogadus saida , as well as to rear their larvae through to adulthood are summarized. Breeding B. saida will increase the opportunity to study this fish species, which is a critical part of the Arctic food web.
Upper thermal limits of the hearts of Arctic cod Boreogadus saida : adults compared with larvaeNARA Subscribed
Wild adult and reared larval Boreogadus saida were acclimated to 3·5° C before testing their cardiac response to acute warming. Heart rate transition temperatures during warming were similar for adult and larval hearts, except that the maximum temperature for heart rate was 3° C warmer for adults. Thus, in a rapidly warming Arctic Ocean, the upper temperature limit for larval rather than adult B. saida appears more likely to d...
Over the past several decades, a substantial amount of research has examined how cardiorespiratory physiology supports the diverse activities performed throughout the life cycle of Pacific salmon, genus Oncorhynchus . Pioneering experiments emphasized the importance of aerobic scope in setting the functional thermal tolerance for activity in fishes. Variation in routine metabolism can have important performance and fitness con...
Environmental conditions and physiological state influence estuarine movements of homing sockeye salmonNARA Subscribed
The reproductive migration of anadromous salmonids through estuarine waters is one of the most challenging stages of their life cycle, yet little is known about the environmental and physiological conditions that influence migratory behaviour. We captured, sampled tissues, tagged and released 365 sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) homing through inner coastal waters towards the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada. Biotel...
Upper thermal limits of cardiac function for Arctic cod Boreogadus saida , a key food web fish species in the Arctic OceanNARA Subscribed
The objective of this study was to determine the upper thermal limits of Arctic cod Boreogadus saida by measuring the response of maximum heart rate ( f Hmax ) to acute warming. One set of fish were tested in a field laboratory in Cambridge Bay ( CB ), Nunavut (north of the Arctic Circle), and a second set were tested after air transport to and 6 month temperature acclimation at the Vancouver Aquarium ( VA ) laboratory. In bot...
The main findings of the current study were that exposing adult sockeye salmon Onchorhynchus nerka to a warm temperature that they regularly encounter during their river migration induced a heat shock response at an mRNA level, and this response was exacerbated with forced swimming. Similar to the heat shock response, increased immune defence‐related responses were also observed after warm temperature treatment and with a swim...
Low cardiac and aerobic scope in a coastal population of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka with a short upriver migrationNARA Subscribed
This study showed that a coastal population (Harrison) of Fraser River sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka had a lower aerobic and cardiac scope compared with interior populations with more challenging upriver spawning migrations, providing additional support to the idea that Fraser River O. nerka populations have adapted physiologically to their local migratory environment.