Mangroves are characterized by high carbon sequestration rates, and future changes in mangrove biomass will be impacted by factors such as climate change, sea level rise, and management strategies. Here, we produce a map of present‐day global mangrove aboveground biomass (AGB) based on extensive field observations and satellite data, giving a global mangrove AGB of 1.76 Pg dry matter (DM). After accounting for potential growth...

The isotopic composition of atmospheric carbon dioxide (δ 13 C atm ) provides insights into the terrestrial carbon cycle. However, long‐term global δ 13 C atm maps with both high spatial resolution and continuous temporal coverage remain scarce. Here, we present a new global terrestrial dataset of monthly δ 13 C atm isoscapes from 2001 to 2020 at 0.05° spatial resolution, developed by integrating in situ observations with opti...

In 2024, the global annual growth rate of atmospheric CO 2 (CGR) surged to a record of 3.73 ppm year −1 —the highest since 1959—exceeding the 1.5°C climate threshold for the first time. However, the drivers behind this unprecedented rise remain poorly understood. Here, we employed a machine‐learning approach integrating satellite‐derived gross primary productivity (GPP) and climatic data to estimate the 2024 land sink (S LAND...

Soil mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC) constitutes over 50% of total soil organic carbon (SOC) and serves as a key determinant of its long‐term stabilization. Although soil pH is recognized as a “master variable” in biogeochemical cycles, it remains unclear how soil pH influences MAOC and SOC at large spatial scales. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a continental‐scale survey in China and synthesized global o...

Terrestrial ecosystems are vital for achieving carbon neutrality, yet the distinction between their biophysical limits and realizable potential remains unclear. Here, we developed an integrated framework to quantify China's terrestrial theoretical carbon sequestration potential (CSP) and actual CSP under diverse climate and management scenarios, incorporating vegetation dynamics and soil carbon stocks through 2100. We estimate...

Well‐aerated upland soils serve as a crucial biological sink for atmospheric methane (CH 4 ), playing a key role in mitigating climate change. However, current understanding of how this CH 4 sink responds to global climate change remains limited. To address this, we integrated 1092 observational data points to construct a dataset covering multiple global change factors and used meta‐analysis to quantify the response mechanisms...

The CO 2 ‐fertilisation effect (CFE) on vegetation productivity is the major driver of the enhanced land carbon sink in recent decades. CFE theoretically increases with elevation due to the higher sensitivity of carboxylation to an increase of CO 2 under lower CO 2 partial pressure, but the elevation‐dependent CFE pattern has been largely overlooked. By conducting a 6‐year CO 2 enrichment experiment (+100 ppm) in an alpine gra...