CKDu has been identified as a major public health issue in countries such as Sri Lanka, India and Nicaragua, which causes significant deaths per year. Significant similarities have been observed among these endemic nephropathies regardless of their geographical separation. Existing evidence favors a multi-factorial etiology, but research over the last few decades has failed to recognize the specific risk factors. Based on the...

Heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems has become an emerging environmental issue. The stable physico-chemical properties of heavy metals could result in bioconcentration and bioaccumulation in different organs of freshwater fishes. The present study records the accumulation of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) in the head, muscle and skin regions of seven fish species namely, Labeo roh...

Antibiotics have been extensively and effectively used in aquaculture due to accelerated growth of aquaculture and this has resulted in the development of serious health problems in aquaculture, other animals, and human. The use of a wide variety of antibiotics in large amounts, including non-biodegradable antibiotics, ensures that they remain in the aquatic environment for a long time. This has resulted; the emergence of anti...