Natural regeneration of Quercus petraea is often inferior in height growth compared to shade-tolerant companion species. As a result, frequent removal of competing vegetation is typically required to promote Q. petraea for successful regeneration. Here we examined whether differences in species’ biomass allocation, biomass density, and total leaf area are responsible for inferior competitiveness of Q. petraea . For this purpos...

The individual or grouped retention of habitat trees in managed multiple-use forests has become an approach used to protect biodiversity-related structural attributes typically found in old close-to-nature forests. This study focuses on the effect of one such retention approach in the managed forests of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, ten years after its introduction. Specifically, we asked: (1) How effective are habitat tree grou...