Soil salinization seriously threatens global food security with continuously expanding affected areas. Bacillus megaterium -based bioinoculant serves as an eco-friendly strategy for saline–alkali land remediation, whereas wild-type (WT) strains generally exhibit poor salt–alkali tolerance. To address this limitation, atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis combined with a microbial microdroplet culture (MMC)...

Sexual reproduction in plants is a tightly coordinated process that underpins biodiversity, drives speciation, and serves as a foundation for modern crop improvement. Here, we synthesize recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing major reproductive events in flowering plants, including male and female gametogenesis, pollen-pistil communication, double fertilization, embryogenesis, and endosperm-mediated...