The shallow Baltic Sea is a vital waterway with dense shipping traffic, requiring accurate and reliable nautical charts for safe navigation. Until recently, different realisations of the mean sea level were used in the paper charts of each country, sometimes even between harbours. This created obstacles for the digitalisation of ship navigation, including electronic nautical charts combined with satellite-based positioning. To...

Understanding genetic responses to forest dynamics is essential for predicting the long‐term viability of understory plant populations and for developing effective conservation strategies. We investigated genetic extinction debt and colonization credit in broad‐leaved enchanter's nightshade ( Circaea lutetiana ), a clonal forest understory species, across its European range. Using pooled genotype‐by‐sequencing data from 40 for...

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) and skewed sex ratios are common in the animal kingdom, and marine fishes, such as the Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ), are no exception. This study utilized newly discovered sex‐linked genetic markers to investigate young‐of‐the‐year cod in the Skagerrak system, comprising approximately 2700 individuals from North Sea and fjord ecotypes. Overall, no significant difference in sex ratio was observed o...

Aim Most protist plankton are mixotrophic, with potential to engage in photoautotrophy and phagotrophy; however, the ecology of these organisms has been misdiagnosed for over a century. A large proportion of these organisms are constitutive mixotrophs (CMs), with an innate ability to photosynthesize. Here, for the first time, an analysis is presented of the biogeography of CMs across the oceans. Location Global marine ecosyste...