Understanding spatio-temporal variability in the production of drift macroalgae is useful for monitoring and assessing the influence of local anthropogenic nutrient sources on coastal ecosystems. In this study we: (1) assessed how the drift macroalgal community composition and biomass have changed over a 22-year period in Port Phillip Bay (a large coastal embayment in Victoria, Australia); and (2) measured the amount of accumu...

Dihydrogen (H 2 ) is an important intermediate in anaerobic microbial processes, and concentrations are tightly controlled by thermodynamic limits of consumption and production. However, recent studies reported unusual H 2 accumulation in permeable marine sediments under anoxic conditions, suggesting decoupling of fermentation and sulfate reduction, the dominant respiratory process in anoxic permeable marine sediments. Yet, th...

Eutrophication and stratification events have increased the incidences of hypoxia and anoxia in coastal environments. The depletion of oxygen in these environments can lead to a shift in biogeochemical processes such as denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). The balance between denitrification and DNRA is critical because denitrification leads to a loss of bioavailable nitrogen and DNRA maintai...

Estuaries have been identified as sources of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions to the atmosphere but questions remain as to which production pathway(s) govern the oversaturation of N 2 O observed in most estuaries worldwide. Here, we use a suite of nitrate and N 2 O isotopes, as well as the 15 N site preference signatures of N 2 O to assess (1) the relative importance of different N 2 O production pathways in a eutrophic groundw...

The role of permeable sediments and subterranean estuaries as coastal nutrient filters is a question of key interest, particularly in areas with high nitrogen loadings. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of a sandy subterranean estuary in cycling and removing nitrate using stable isotopes of N and O at natural (δ 15 N‐NO 3 − and δ 18 O‐NO 3 − ) and enriched levels ( 15 N). Isotopes were used in conjunction with flow through...

Cable bacteria represent a newly discovered group of filamentous microorganisms, which are capable of spatially separating the oxidative and reductive half‐reactions of their sulfide‐oxidizing metabolisms over centimeter distances. We investigated three ways that cable bacteria might interact with the nitrogen (N) cycle: (1) by reducing nitrate through denitrification or dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) withi...

In this paper, we investigate the period of successful spawning for black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri , an obligate estuarine species in southern Australia that typically spawn in spring and early summer. However, back‐calculated spawning dates of juveniles sampled in Gippsland Lakes, Victoria from February to May 2016 indicated that spawning was concentrated over a short period in the Austral mid‐summer (January), with a sec...

The storage and release of phosphorus by sediments can act as an important control on the formation of noxious blooms of cyanobacteria in lakes and estuaries. Here we studied the uptake and release of phosphorus associated with iron oxides within sediments of a lagoon system affected by recurring summer blooms of the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena . Using an ascorbate extraction, we observed deep pools of iron oxide associ...

Increased nutrient loads stimulate estuary primary productivity and can alter the structure and function of biological communities within estuaries, particularly when producer groups respond differently to changes in nutrient availability. Here, the relative influence of riverine inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus were compared to determine their contribution to estuarine primary producers at large spatial scales. Indices of de...

We used δ 15 N‐nitrate (NO − 3 ) and δ 18 O‐NO − 3 to unravel the provenance and fate of NO − 3 in a groundwater‐fed estuary. A total of 13 monthly and two time series surveys were undertaken in the Werribee River estuary near Melbourne, Australia. The different survey timescales provided a comprehensive evaluation of the hydrological effects on the biogeochemistry of NO − 3 , which accounted for tidal variability and episodic...

Carbon (C) and alkalinity export from two adjacent intertidal inlets with different terrestrial inputs was investigated. One inlet receives a small creek from an agriculturally dominated catchment, leading to the input of terrestrially sourced material, whereas the other is relatively isolated from terrestrial inputs. Using time‐series measurements, we calculated the total advective exchange of dissolved organic C (DOC; 0–25 m...