The identity of the proximal ligand of its catalytic heme 1 center - lysine or histidine - may directly affect how efficiently pentaheme cytochrome c nitrite reductase catalyzes the six-electron reduction of nitrite (NO 2 − ) to ammonium (NH 4 + ) and may also alter substrate specificity. This reaction is part of the pathway of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, which competes with denitrification and avoids the form...

Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) is an astroglial biomarker preliminarily investigated in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to investigate its temporal pattern and clinical value in two German AIS cohorts. Using immunoassay, we measured sGFAP concentrations in 952 samples of 572 AIS patient and 32 samples of controls recruited in Halle [AIS n = 102, age: 70.9 (± 15.9) years, 52.0% males; controls n = 32, age:...

Intercepting a moving object with our hands requires that the moving object and the hand come into contact at some point along the object’s trajectory. Hand movement can be planned in advance so that the hand reaches the interception location along this trajectory at the correct moment in time. To enable such anticipatory behavior, the object’s trajectory may be predicted based on sensory information collected before movement...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is presented as multiple clinical variants depending upon the rate of progression and familial background; however, the exact molecular mechanisms associated with these subtypes and their treatments are yet to be understood. The current study is based on a global proteome analysis of brain samples from patients ( n = 38) with rapidly progressive AD (rpAD—survival time < 3 years), sporadic AD (spAD—surv...

DON and ZEN residues in the blood and urine of dairy cows can be used to predict the outer exposure to DON and ZEN expressed per kilogram diet for a risk evaluation based on comparisons to critical dietary concentrations. This method was used to evaluate the exposure of dairy cows from 12 farms located in Brandenburg, Germany, fed rations with unknown DON and ZEN concentrations ( N = 244). The corresponding diet concentrations...

The development of the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC), an in vitro protein misfolding amplification assay, was an innovation in the scientific field of protein misfolding diseases. In prion diseases, these types of assays imitate the pathological conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrP C ) into a protease-resistant and/or amyloid form of PrP, called PrP resistant (PrP Res ). The RT-QuIC is an automatic as...

A large landslide (frozen debris avalanche) occurred at Assapaat on the south coast of the Nuussuaq Peninsula in Central West Greenland on June 13, 2021, at 04:04 local time. We present a compilation of available data from field observations, photos, remote sensing, and seismic monitoring to describe the event. Analysis of these data in combination with an analysis of pre- and post-failure digital elevation models results in t...

Nitrate reduction constitutes an important natural mechanism to mitigate the widespread and persistent nitrate contamination of groundwater resources. In fractured aquifers, however, the abundance and accessibility of electron donors and their spatial correlation with groundwater flow paths are often poorly understood. In this study, the nitrate reduction potential of a fractured carbonate aquifer in the Upper Muschelkalk of S...

We present a new approach to determine in situ CO 2 and H 2 O concentrations in apatite via attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Absolute carbon and hydrogen measurements by nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and elastic recoil detection (ERD) are used to calibrate ATR-FTIR spectra of CO 2 and H 2 O in apatite. We show that CO 2 and H 2 O contents in apatite can be determined via linear...

Complement is an evolutionarily conserved system which is important in the defense against microorganisms and also in the elimination of modified or necrotic elements of the body. Complement is activated in a cascade type manner and activation and all steps of cascade progression are tightly controlled and regulatory interleaved with many processes of inflammatory machinery. Overshooting of the complement system due to dysregu...

Over the past decades, fractured and karst groundwater systems have been studied intensively due to their high vulnerability to nitrate (NO 3 − ) contamination, yet nitrogen (N) turnover processes within the recharge area are still poorly understood. This study investigated the role of the karstified recharge area in NO 3 − transfer and turnover by combining isotopic analysis of NO 3 − and nitrite (NO 2 − ) with time series da...

Actinobacillus ( A .) pleuropneumoniae is one of the most important respiratory pathogens in global pig production. Antimicrobial treatment and vaccination provide only limited protection, but genetic disease resistance is a very promising alternative for sustainable prophylaxis. Previous studies have discovered multiple QTL that may explain up to 30% of phenotypic variance. Based on these findings, the aim of the present stud...