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Human Impacts on Great Lakes Walleye Sander vitreus Structure, Diversity and Local AdaptationNARA Subscribed
Artificial propagation and wild release may influence the genetic integrity of wild populations. This practice has been prevalent in fisheries for centuries and is often termed ‘stocking’. In the Laurentian Great Lakes (Great Lakes here‐on), walleye populations faced declines from the 1950s to the 1970s, prompting extensive stocking efforts for restoration. By the mid‐2010s, walleye populations showed signs of recovery, but th...
The Cost of Antivenom: A Cost Minimization Study using the North American Snakebite RegistryNARA Subscribed
Envenomation is a global health issue, with over 9,000 encounters managed in the United States yearly. The introduction of immunoglobulin fragment antivenom has reduced the risk of hypersensitivity. This study compares treatment costs of crotaline envenomation using the Fab and F(ab’) 2 antivenoms as reported to the North American Snakebite Registry (NASBR), a nationwide surveillance tool. Methods This was a retrospective anal...
High-grade (> 10 g/t) gold mineralization in orogenic gold deposits is of significant economic importance. Understanding the formation of such enriched ore zones is critical for gold exploration success. The world-class Jundee-Bogada gold camp in the Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia comprises both high-grade (avg. > 10 g/t, Jundee deposit) and low-grade (avg. < 3 g/t, Bogada prospect) lodes, despite shared host stratigraphy...
The climate‐induced changes in the life history of the common cuttlefish in the English ChannelNARA Subscribed
The population of common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis in the English Channel recently developed two life cycles: annual (spawning 1 y.o.) and biennial (spawning 2 y.o.) instead of the biennial strategy known before, associated with increasing environmental temperatures in recent decades because of climate changes. Both groups differ in the size of mature animals (110–196 mm mantle length vs. 140–262 mm) and the number of chamb...
Three out of the five highest daily winter rainfall totals on record over Northern England have occurred from 2015 onwards. Heavy rainfall events in the winters of 2013–2014, 2015–2016 and 2019–2020 led to more than 2.8‐billion‐pounds of insurance losses from flooding in the UK. Has the frequency of these events been influenced by human‐induced climate change? Winter rainfall in the UK is extremely variable year‐to‐year, which...
Research into weather circulation changes over the UK for future climate has mainly focused on changes in the Summer and Winter seasons, with less analysis on seasonality and the transition seasons. Using the 30 Met Office weather patterns we examine the influence of climate change on seasonality through atmospheric circulation using a number of climate models. Changes in seasonality are important as they can have large impact...
Since the 1970s, scientists have developed statistical methods intended to formalize detection of changes in global climate and to attribute such changes to relevant causal factors, natural and anthropogenic. Detection and attribution (D&A) of climate change trends is commonly performed using a variant of Hasselmann’s “optimal fingerprinting” method, which involves a linear regression of historical climate observations on corr...
Over the first half of 2020, Siberia experienced the warmest period from January to June since records began and on the 20th of June the weather station at Verkhoyansk reported 38 °C, the highest daily maximum temperature recorded north of the Arctic Circle. We present a multi-model, multi-method analysis on how anthropogenic climate change affected the probability of these events occurring using both observational datasets an...
Anthropogenic climate change and heat effects on healthNARA Subscribed
Increasing extreme temperatures linked to human influence amplify thermal stress and can lead to decreases in work productivity and increases in heat‐related mortality. However, studies assessing in a formal statistical way the contribution of climate change to such impacts remain sparse. Two new indices are introduced here that measure the effect of anthropogenic climate change on the intensity and frequency of health‐relevan...
Carbon incorporated into diatom frustule walls is protected from degradation enabling analysis for carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C diatom ). This presents potential for tracing carbon cycles via a single photosynthetic host with well‐constrained ecophysiology. Improved understanding of environmental processes controlling carbon delivery and assimilation is essential to interpret changes in freshwater δ 13 C diatom . Here re...
Distribution and diversity of V errucomicrobia methanotrophs in geothermal and acidic environmentsNARA Subscribed
Summary Recently, methanotrophic members of the phylum V errucomicrobia have been described, but little is known about their distribution in nature. We surveyed methanotrophic bacteria in geothermal springs and acidic wetlands via pyrosequencing of 16 S rRNA gene amplicons. Putative methanotrophic V errucomicrobia were found in samples covering a broad temperature range (22.5–81.6° C ), but only in acidic conditions ( pH 1.8–5...
Summary In 1998, a cultivation‐independent survey of the microbial community in Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park, detected 12 new phyla within the Domain Bacteria . These were dubbed ‘candidate divisions’ OP1 to OP12. Since that time the OP10 candidate division has been commonly detected in various environments, usually as part of the rare biosphere, but occasionally as a predominant community component. Based on 16S r...
Human activity and anomalously warm seasons in EuropeNARA Subscribed
Seasonal mean temperatures averaged over the European region have warmed at a rate of 0.35–0.52 K/decade since 1980. The last decade has seen record‐breaking seasonal temperatures in Europe including the summer of 2003 and the spring, autumn, and winter of 2007. Previous studies have established that European summer warming since the early twentieth century can be attributed to the effects of human influence. The attribution a...