Philippe Choler results 33
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Different temperature responses of mountain rockwalls, soils, and lakes to summer heat wavesNARA Subscribed
Mountain ecosystems are highly sensitive to climate variations. At fine spatial scales, high-elevation microclimates play a critical role in shaping biodiversity, hydrological processes, and ecosystem services, while also influencing the occurrence of natural hazards such as landslides, avalanches, and floods. Heat waves, which have been increasing in frequency and intensity due to global climate change, present significant ch...
Disentangling Atmospheric and Water Shortage Stresses Is Key to Anticipate Forest Dynamics With Climate ChangeNARA Subscribed
Aim Studies assessing changes in vegetation with climate change have not separated atmospheric and water shortage stresses, although they drive different vegetation patterns in relation to continentality, water balance and bedrock types. We aim to assess how these two stresses will likely impact forest communities. Location European Alps. Taxon Angiosperms and Conifers. Methods We selected from the literature 773 forest plots...
Unveiling the Role of Spatial Functional Trait Variations on Grassland Primary Productivity at France ScaleNARA Subscribed
Aim Land surface models (LSMs) currently represent each plant functional type (PFT) as an average phenotype, characterised by a set of fixed parameters. This rigid and constant representation is a limit in understanding the dynamics of highly diverse ecosystems, such as permanent grasslands, and their response to global change. Location France. Time Period 2001–2019. Major Taxa Grassland plant species. Methods We incorporated...
Trade‐offs and synergies between ecosystem productivity and stability in temperate grasslandsNARA Subscribed
Aim It is crucial to monitor how the productivity of grasslands varies with its temporal stability for management of these ecosystems. However, identifying the direction of the productivity–stability relationship remains challenging because ecological stability has multiple components that can display neutral, positive or negative covariations. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the direction of the productivity–stability rel...
Global maps of soil temperatureNARA Subscribed
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1‐km 2 r...
Strong links between plant traits and microbial activities but different abiotic drivers in mountain grasslandsNARA Subscribed
Aim Plant–soil interactions can be major driving forces of community responses to environmental changes in terrestrial ecosystems. These interactions can leave signals in aboveground plant functional traits and belowground microbial activities and these signals can manifest in observed covariations. However, we know little about how these plant–soil linkages vary in response to environmental conditions at biogeographic scales...
The long‐term increase in satellite‐based proxies of vegetation cover is a well‐documented response of seasonally snow‐covered ecosystems to climate warming. However, observed greening trends are far from uniform, and substantial uncertainty remains concerning the underlying causes of this spatial variability. Here, we processed surface reflectance of the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) to investigate tre...
Since the last glacial maximum, soil formation related to ice‐cover shrinkage has been one major sink of carbon accumulating as soil organic matter (SOM), a phenomenon accelerated by the ongoing global warming. In recently deglacierized forelands, processes of SOM accumulation, including those that control carbon and nitrogen sequestration rates and biogeochemical stability of newly sequestered carbon, remain poorly understood...
Aim Drought stress has focused on water availability during the growing season, thus primarily on summer. However, variation in rainfall continentality can produce striking vegetation differences. We aim to disentangle summer water balance from winter rainfall continentality, to better understand how climate regulates the distributions of woody plants in the western USA. Location Western USA. Time period Actual. Major taxa stu...
Plant community structure and nitrogen inputs modulate the climate signal on leaf traitsNARA Subscribed
Aim Leaf traits strongly impact biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding leaf trait variation along environmental gradients is thus essential to improve the representation of vegetation in Earth system models. Our aims were to quantify relationships between leaf traits and climate in permanent grasslands at a biogeographical scale and to test whether these relationships were sensitive to (a) the level of...
Sensitivity of community‐level trait–environment relationships to data representativeness: A test for functional biogeographyNARA Subscribed
Aim The characterization of trait–environment relationships over broad‐scale gradients is a critical goal for ecology and biogeography. This implies the merging of plot and trait databases to assess community‐level trait‐based statistics. Potential shortcomings and limitations of this approach are that: (i) species traits are not measured where the community is sampled and (ii) the availability of trait data varies considerabl...
The rich sides of mountain summits – a pan‐European view on aspect preferences of alpine plantsNARA Subscribed
Aim In the alpine life zone, plant diversity is strongly determined by local topography and microclimate. We assessed the extent to which aspect and its relatedness to temperature affect plant species diversity, and the colonization and disappearance of species on alpine summits on a pan‐European scale. Location Mountain summits in Europe's alpine life zone. Methods Vascular plant species and their percentage cover were record...
What it takes to invade grassland ecosystems: traits, introduction history and filtering processesNARA Subscribed
Whether the success of alien species can be explained by their functional or phylogenetic characteristics remains unresolved because of data limitations, scale issues and weak quantifications of success. Using permanent grasslands across France (50 000 vegetation plots, 2000 species, 130 aliens) and building on the Rabinowitz's classification to quantify spread, we showed that phylogenetic and functional similarities to native...
Reconstructing long‐term human impacts on plant communities: an ecological approach based on lake sediment DNANARA Subscribed
Paleoenvironmental studies are essential to understand biodiversity changes over long timescales and to assess the relative importance of anthropogenic and environmental factors. Sedimentary ancient DNA ( sed a DNA ) is an emerging tool in the field of paleoecology and has proven to be a complementary approach to the use of pollen and macroremains for investigating past community changes. Sed a DNA ‐based reconstructions of an...
Combining the fourth‐corner and the RLQ methods for assessing trait responses to environmental variationNARA Subscribed
Assessing trait responses to environmental gradients requires the simultaneous analysis of the information contained in three tables: L (species distribution across samples), R (environmental characteristics of samples), and Q (species traits). Among the available methods, the so‐called fourth‐corner and RLQ methods are two appealing alternatives that provide a direct way to test and estimate trait–environment relationships. B...
Genetic diversity in widespread species is not congruent with species richness in alpine plant communitiesNARA Subscribed
The Convention on Biological Diversity ( CBD ) aims at the conservation of all three levels of biodiversity, that is, ecosystems, species and genes. Genetic diversity represents evolutionary potential and is important for ecosystem functioning. Unfortunately, genetic diversity in natural populations is hardly considered in conservation strategies because it is difficult to measure and has been hypothesised to co‐vary with spec...
Soil sampling and isolation of extracellular DNA from large amount of starting material suitable for metabarcoding studiesNARA Subscribed
DNA metabarcoding refers to the DNA‐based identification of multiple species from a single complex and degraded environmental sample. We developed new sampling and extraction protocols suitable for DNA metabarcoding analyses targeting soil extracellular DNA. The proposed sampling protocol has been designed to reduce, as much as possible, the influence of local heterogeneity by processing a large amount of soil resulting from t...